A majestic Arabian leopard with golden fur and dark spots, standing in a natural habitat with warm lighting.

Arabian Leopards

The Arabian leopard is one of the smallest subspecies of leopard and is native to the Arabian Peninsula. It is an endangered species that has been on the red list since 1996. The number of Arabian leopards is estimated to range from 80 to 300 individuals. No more precise figures are available. The coat of the Arabian leopard has a rosette pattern and colors range from pale yellow to golden to yellow-brown. Males weigh about 30 kilograms and stand 1.30 meters tall. Females weigh only 20 kilograms and are correspondingly smaller. Generally, the Arabian leopard is smaller than the African and Persian leopard.

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Written by: Michaela Eckmüller Last updated at: September 30, 2025

Table of contents

Habitat and Distribution
Behavior

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Habitat and Distribution

The Arabian leopard lives in mountainous and hilly regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Habitats within the Sultanate of Oman include theHajar Mountains, the northern exclave Musandam and Dhofar, the southernmost region of the country. The leopard has become extinct in the Hajar Mountains; in Musandam, it is found only sporadically, and in Dhofar lives the largest known population, in the Jebel Samhan Nature Reserve. This area provides optimal living conditions for the Arabian leopard. Here, it finds shelter, water, and food. Besides leopards, wolves, gazelles, foxes, striped hyenas, and other animals also live there.

Behavior

Arabian leopards are considered solitary animals that only live together for a short time during mating. A female leopard usually gives birth to about 2 to 3 cubs, which spend the following year with their mother before leaving to live independently. Leopards are nocturnal and spend the day in sheltered places. When they go hunting, they approach their prey quietly and slowly, then quickly and powerfully dispatch it.

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