Ancient times
Ancient times
Already in the third century, the eastern Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by the Umm an-Nar culture, whose territory extended from present-day UAE to the northern part of Oman. Important trading partners for this early culture were the Sumerians as well as the Indus Valley culture in present-day Pakistan. The land was then referred to as Magan and was limited to the present northern part of the sultanate. Little is known about the organization of this culture, aside from a mention by Naram-Sin of Akkad (2200 BC) about a victory over King Manium of Magan.
Due to the existing copper deposits in the country, Magan early gained significance, as copper was needed for the production of the very popular bronze at that time. At its peak between 2200 BC and 1900 BC, up to 4000 tons of copper were mined. At that time, the transport of various export goods primarily took place via sea routes.
When the Indus Valley culture declined around 1800 BC and direct trade with Mesopotamia ceased, Magan lost significance despite ongoing copper mining. This is likely due to the fact that Mesopotamia began sourcing copper mainly from Cyprus thereafter.
In the 6th century, the Persians conquered the coasts of Oman for the first time and built the famous irrigation system "Falaj". The Arab tribe of Azd from Yemen then expelled the Parthians from Oman in the 2nd century AD and settled there.
Discover Oman with experts who have called it their home
Your dream holiday, tailor-made by experts.
We don't just know Oman from books, we visit the country several times a year to experience the culture, landscape and people first-hand.
From your first enquiry to your return home, we are there for you personally - by phone, email or WhatsApp, whenever you need us. Our trips are as unique as you are: individually planned and provided with exclusive privileges and high-quality arrangements that will make your trip unforgettable.
Experts for your Oman trip
You might also like this
How to get to Oman
For travelers who place a high value on comfort and exclusive amenities, Oman offers an excellent range of premium flight options. Muscat International Airport serves as a hub for many international airlines that provide direct connections and luxurious services for discerning passengers....
Fjorde & Dhow
One of the most famous images from Musandam is the fjord-like bays that can be found in many places along the steep coast; breathtaking cliffs that plunge into the sea and create pictures that inevitably remind some travelers of Norway. No wonder that Musandam has earned the nickname 'Norway of the Middle East'. These beauties can be experienced and learned about in various ways. Experience the fjords up close Anyone visiting Khasab will quickly notice that the capital of Musandam has quite a bit to offer, but is not necessarily suitable for a longer stay – unless one wants to use their acco...
Muscat Capital Region
Cultural Highlights and Unique Experiences in and around Muscat Muscat, the capital of Oman, is renowned not only for its breathtaking landscapes and modern architecture but also for its deep-rooted culture and history. For discerning travelers, the city offers exclusive cultural experiences that provide a unique insight into the nation’s rich past and traditions. From majestic fortresses to private tours and one-of-a-kind encounters, Muscat presents a myriad of opportunities to experience Omani culture at its finest....