Politics in Oman

Oman is an Arab and Islamically shaped state. Thus, many views and ways of life refer to the Quran, the holy scripture of Muslims, and Sharia is used as a legal basis. The head of state of Oman is Sultan Haitham ibn Tariq. The Sultan unites both the executive and the judiciary and legislature within himself and therefore possesses all the power. However, the Omanis do not see the Sultan as an absolutist ruler, but much more as a father who has shown them the way into a new era, towards freedom and into the modern age. There are no parties and a parliament in the Omani government. Sultan Haitham ibn Tariq combines traditional Islamic rule with modern views. He is supported by a cabinet of ministers, state secretaries, and special advisors appointed by him. He himself holds the positions of Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defense Minister, and Finance Minister. The former Sultan Qaboos had a special relationship with his people, traveling across the country each year and inviting them for an audience. When citizens have a problem, they could directly approach the Sultan and the responsible minister during this so-called 'Meet-the-people-Tour'. Since 1991, there has also been an advisory council composed of representatives of the people. This council examines the ministries and the legislative proposals. Oman is on the way to becoming an Islamic democracy. In 1996, the Omani Constitution, consisting of 81 articles, was promulgated. This regulates the aspects of the state apparatus and the succession to the throne. It forms the basis for social and political stability in the country and the guarantee of the rights and freedoms of each individual. The government was also expanded by a state council, which aims to promote cooperation between the people and the government.

Domestic politics

Oman is divided into three governorates (Muscat, Dhofar, and Musandam) as well as 44 municipal districts. The community representatives represent the connection between tradition and modern administration. They make significant decisions, coordinate governmental affairs in their district, relay concerns of the tribes, and consult with the Ministry of Interior. The legislation and judiciary of the Sultanate are based on Islamic legislation, Sharia. The country has nearly 50 Sharia courts for civil and criminal proceedings, a supreme court in Muscat, appellate courts, and regional courts. The death penalty is imposed for murder and serious crimes such as drug trafficking.

Foreign policy

The Sultanate of Oman was in isolation for over 100 years. When Sultan Qaboos took power in 1970, reforms were introduced to help the country out of isolation. The Sultan built good relationships with his neighboring countries and Western industrialized nations. For Qaboos, this is a sign of striving for world peace and understanding among nations. Today, Oman is a member of organizations such as the UN, the Arab League, and others. The state maintains diplomatic relations with over 120 countries.